Post by M.R.Blackthorn on Mar 31, 2017 1:48:43 GMT
Ketep and Ketio for the most part have the same base color genetics, but Ketio have more modifiers. There are also some slight rule changes.
In hybrid crossings, the Ketio base color genetics are used, but Ketep and Ketzateri markings get used.
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General "Gene Flip"
It is rare, but Ketio can "flip" a recessive gene into a dominant one, and vise versa, in the early stages of prenatal development. You will only know of these little "freaks" of nature after the cubs are born. Cubs, however, will not gain markings if neither parent showed or carried the marking.
Base Color Genetics
Base color is controlled by one main pair of genes along with several “modifier” genes.
“T” is the base gene, which controls whether the basic color is Tan or Cream.
Tan is dominant, so TT or Tt will result in Tan colors.
Cream is recessive, so for Cream colors to occur, tt is needed.
t+ is a third variation of the gene, and it causes Brown colors. t+t+ is needed for it to occur.
Basic Base Colors
These are the base colors that show without modifiers applied, since unlike Ketep, there are several variations for each.
-Tans: Tan, Fallow, Tawny (For now)
-Cream: Cream and Peach (For now)
-Brown: Brown, Chocolate, Earthen
Base Modifiers
All modifiers require two recessive copies in order to cause their effect. Some require other modifiers or a certain base to work as well. If a modifier says it overwrites, this means it will be the one that applies, unless overwritten by another modifier. Here’s the current list of modifiers:
Shading causes a darker shade to be added as an undertone to the base. Shading is represented by “Sh”. All bases can have shading.
White causes color to be white or off-white. Overwrites all, however, brown colors overwrite it(cannot be applied to browns). "W" represents it.
-Tan: Off-White
-Cream: White (true white)
-Brown: NA
-With Graying mod.: Silver
Dilute causes the base color to be lighter in color. Overwrites all but White/Black. "D" represents it.
-Tan: Sand
-Cream: Light Cream
-Brown: Light Brown
Darken is the opposite of Dilute. Overwrites all but White/Black/Dilute. "K" represents it.
-Tan: Dark Tan
-Cream: Fawn
-Brown: Dark Brown
Graying is a modifier that causes a "ashen" color to occur. Can be paired with White, but is overwritten by all others. Represented by "G".
-Tan: Smokey Ash
-Cream: Ash Gray
-Brown: Ash Brown
-With White: Silver
Red causes a red coloration to occur. Can only be paired with Dilute(if Brown base!), and is overwritten by all but Gray. Represented by "R".
-Tan: Golden Brown
-Cream: Golden Cream
-Brown: Red-Brown or Brickdust (Breed only base colors!)
-With Dilute+Brown: Strawberry (Breed only base color!)
Black causes a melanistic type coloration. Overwrites all but White. Represented by "B"
-Tan/Cream/Brown: Either Black or Midnight. (Breed only base colors!)
Eye Colors
Eye color are potentially the most complex system, but all three species share the same system for eyes, solely to make it a little more simple.
Eye colors are on a dominance system, where to show, a color only needs one dominant copy of its gene, while all colors more dominant than it have two recessive copies. If all color genes are recessive, it will result in the “fail” color. Here’s a quick example. Let’s say Red, Blue, and Green are dominant in that order. Yellow is the “fail” color. R is for Red, B for Blue, and G for Green.
All red needs is one dominant copy of its pair of genes to show. So anything with RR or Rr will have red eyes. rr will mean red won’t show.
Blue needs “rr” plus one copy of its pair to be “B”. rr BB or rr Bb will show blue eyes. bb means blue won’t show.
Green needs both “rr” and “bb” along with needing a dominant copy of its own. rr bb GG or rr bb Gg will be green eyed. gg means no green.
Yellow eyes need all three to have two recessive copies, meaning only rr bb gg will result in yellow eyes.
Now onto the actual colors!
The dominance order is as followed: Yellow(Y), Amber/Orange(A), Brown(Br), Green(G), Blue(Bl), Red(R), and Purple(P)*. Silver eyes are the “fail” color.
There are also a few modifiers for eye colors. Like with base colors, they require two recessive copies.
Light will cause a lighter, or sometimes brighter, version of the color. Represented by “L”.
Darken will cause a dark color. “D” represents this modifier.
Mixing, or “bi-color” will cause the two most dominant colors to both show in the eye. Represented by “M”.
Heterochromic will cause the eyes to be two different colors, using the two most dominant colors. Represented by “H”.
Mixing and Heterochromic only work if there are at least two colors with at least one dominant allele. Purple does not count towards this.
That’s 11 sets of genes just to determine eye color
However, it allows for a lot of variety, which is always nice for having unique characters!
This means there are:
-Somewhere around 480+ different combinations for genetics. (Or more, I might have done my math way wrong
)
-24 basic eye colors(the 8 colors plus there two variants each).
-15 Heterochromic and 15 "Mixing" colors.
--That means a total of 54 eye colors! (Dang...)
*All races, with the exception of Snow Ketio will have two recessive copies, making Purple colors very hard to obtain. Hybrid races can inherit a dominant copy from a Snow Ketio parent. Fun fact: Etahoro’s son, Bjorn, is the only pure Ketep that has such eyes, inherited from his divine ancestry.
Nose and Pad Colors
In Ketio, chances are almost all of them will have a black nose and black pads, but occasionally tans, browns, pinks, and marbled noses/pads occur. Unlike Ketep, this is not based on base color. There's a 50/50 chance of either parent's color to pass.
Markings are very complex in Ketio, so they are in the next post below!
In hybrid crossings, the Ketio base color genetics are used, but Ketep and Ketzateri markings get used.
------------------------------------
General "Gene Flip"
It is rare, but Ketio can "flip" a recessive gene into a dominant one, and vise versa, in the early stages of prenatal development. You will only know of these little "freaks" of nature after the cubs are born. Cubs, however, will not gain markings if neither parent showed or carried the marking.
Base Color Genetics
Base color is controlled by one main pair of genes along with several “modifier” genes.
“T” is the base gene, which controls whether the basic color is Tan or Cream.
Tan is dominant, so TT or Tt will result in Tan colors.
Cream is recessive, so for Cream colors to occur, tt is needed.
t+ is a third variation of the gene, and it causes Brown colors. t+t+ is needed for it to occur.
Basic Base Colors
These are the base colors that show without modifiers applied, since unlike Ketep, there are several variations for each.
-Tans: Tan, Fallow, Tawny (For now)
-Cream: Cream and Peach (For now)
-Brown: Brown, Chocolate, Earthen
Base Modifiers
All modifiers require two recessive copies in order to cause their effect. Some require other modifiers or a certain base to work as well. If a modifier says it overwrites, this means it will be the one that applies, unless overwritten by another modifier. Here’s the current list of modifiers:
Shading causes a darker shade to be added as an undertone to the base. Shading is represented by “Sh”. All bases can have shading.
White causes color to be white or off-white. Overwrites all, however, brown colors overwrite it(cannot be applied to browns). "W" represents it.
-Tan: Off-White
-Cream: White (true white)
-Brown: NA
-With Graying mod.: Silver
Dilute causes the base color to be lighter in color. Overwrites all but White/Black. "D" represents it.
-Tan: Sand
-Cream: Light Cream
-Brown: Light Brown
Darken is the opposite of Dilute. Overwrites all but White/Black/Dilute. "K" represents it.
-Tan: Dark Tan
-Cream: Fawn
-Brown: Dark Brown
Graying is a modifier that causes a "ashen" color to occur. Can be paired with White, but is overwritten by all others. Represented by "G".
-Tan: Smokey Ash
-Cream: Ash Gray
-Brown: Ash Brown
-With White: Silver
Red causes a red coloration to occur. Can only be paired with Dilute(if Brown base!), and is overwritten by all but Gray. Represented by "R".
-Tan: Golden Brown
-Cream: Golden Cream
-Brown: Red-Brown or Brickdust (Breed only base colors!)
-With Dilute+Brown: Strawberry (Breed only base color!)
Black causes a melanistic type coloration. Overwrites all but White. Represented by "B"
-Tan/Cream/Brown: Either Black or Midnight. (Breed only base colors!)
Eye Colors
Eye color are potentially the most complex system, but all three species share the same system for eyes, solely to make it a little more simple.
Eye colors are on a dominance system, where to show, a color only needs one dominant copy of its gene, while all colors more dominant than it have two recessive copies. If all color genes are recessive, it will result in the “fail” color. Here’s a quick example. Let’s say Red, Blue, and Green are dominant in that order. Yellow is the “fail” color. R is for Red, B for Blue, and G for Green.
All red needs is one dominant copy of its pair of genes to show. So anything with RR or Rr will have red eyes. rr will mean red won’t show.
Blue needs “rr” plus one copy of its pair to be “B”. rr BB or rr Bb will show blue eyes. bb means blue won’t show.
Green needs both “rr” and “bb” along with needing a dominant copy of its own. rr bb GG or rr bb Gg will be green eyed. gg means no green.
Yellow eyes need all three to have two recessive copies, meaning only rr bb gg will result in yellow eyes.
Now onto the actual colors!
The dominance order is as followed: Yellow(Y), Amber/Orange(A), Brown(Br), Green(G), Blue(Bl), Red(R), and Purple(P)*. Silver eyes are the “fail” color.
There are also a few modifiers for eye colors. Like with base colors, they require two recessive copies.
Light will cause a lighter, or sometimes brighter, version of the color. Represented by “L”.
Darken will cause a dark color. “D” represents this modifier.
Mixing, or “bi-color” will cause the two most dominant colors to both show in the eye. Represented by “M”.
Heterochromic will cause the eyes to be two different colors, using the two most dominant colors. Represented by “H”.
Mixing and Heterochromic only work if there are at least two colors with at least one dominant allele. Purple does not count towards this.
That’s 11 sets of genes just to determine eye color
![O_o](http://storage.proboards.com/forum/images/smiley/browraise.png)
This means there are:
-Somewhere around 480+ different combinations for genetics. (Or more, I might have done my math way wrong
![:lol:](http://storage.proboards.com/6721729/images/ducpBq0HRlxWlflPCRoJ.png)
-24 basic eye colors(the 8 colors plus there two variants each).
-15 Heterochromic and 15 "Mixing" colors.
--That means a total of 54 eye colors! (Dang...)
*All races, with the exception of Snow Ketio will have two recessive copies, making Purple colors very hard to obtain. Hybrid races can inherit a dominant copy from a Snow Ketio parent. Fun fact: Etahoro’s son, Bjorn, is the only pure Ketep that has such eyes, inherited from his divine ancestry.
Nose and Pad Colors
In Ketio, chances are almost all of them will have a black nose and black pads, but occasionally tans, browns, pinks, and marbled noses/pads occur. Unlike Ketep, this is not based on base color. There's a 50/50 chance of either parent's color to pass.
Markings are very complex in Ketio, so they are in the next post below!